2024 Author: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-18 12:09
In the construction industry, various types of fasteners are often used. Their range is constantly expanding. Manufacturers annually offer new types of fasteners. One of them is a two-component chemical anchor (liquid dowel). It appeared on the market recently, which is why it has not yet managed to become popular among professional and home craftsmen.
What it is?
Chemical anchor - a fastener that includes an adhesive mass, a sleeve with an internal thread and a reinforcing bar. The metal parts are made of corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel or galvanized steel.
They are manufactured in accordance with the regulations of GOST R 57787-2017.
Such fasteners look like a regular tube of glue with a hairpin included in the kit. The composition of the liquid mass includes:
- artificial resins made using polyesters, acrylics;
- fillers;
- hardening agents that accelerate the polymerization of the adhesive mixture.
The principle of operation of this fastener is simple - a hole made in the surface is filled with special glue, after which a reinforcing bar is inserted into it . When the glue hardens, the metal rod is securely fixed in the recess. Due to the unique characteristics of the adhesive composition, it does not expand during polymerization and works quickly - it will take no more than 40 minutes for its complete curing at a temperature of 15-20 degrees.
Advantages and disadvantages
Liquid dowels are used in almost all types of construction work.
One of their important advantages is ensuring the tightness of the connection with the material, the ability to withstand serious power loads.
Other advantages of such fasteners:
- ease of installation - to fix the dowel from the master, no experience and special skills are required;
- the ability to work with most types of building materials;
- the anchor is not subject to corrosive processes, it is resistant to various adverse external factors;
- the possibility of fixing under water;
- durability of the connection - the service life is at least 50 years;
- elimination of the occurrence of internal stress due to the same thermal expansion of the base and the anchor;
- high bearing capacity;
- a large assortment of liquid dowels - there are products on sale for both indoor and outdoor work (in such adhesive mixtures there are no components that emit toxic fumes).
Chemical anchors are not ideal fasteners as they have significant drawbacks. The main disadvantage is the high cost of the material. When compared with classic expansion dowels, the latter will cost several times cheaper.
The disadvantages also include:
- long polymerization of the glue at low ambient temperatures, for example, the composition will completely harden at 5 degrees only after 5-6 hours;
- lack of polymerization at low temperatures;
- short shelf life - the composition in a sealed package retains its properties for 12 months;
- the impossibility of storing the opened tube - the glue mass should be used immediately after the package is sealed.
Another significant disadvantage is the impossibility of dismantling the anchor when the adhesive mass is completely polymerized.
Where are they used?
Chemical anchors are indispensable in situations where it is necessary to fix heavy objects on building materials with a loose structure. They are used for drywall, foam block, tongue-and-groove plates or for ceramic blocks. The adhesive mass easily penetrates into the pores of building materials, and after hardening, it reliably fixes the stud in the base.
Liquid dowels are used:
- for the arrangement of roadside structures, for example, when installing protective anti-noise screens, supports for power lines and lighting poles;
- for finishing buildings with ventilated facades on walls made of cellular concrete blocks;
- for the installation of voluminous and weighty architectural objects - columns, stucco;
- during the reconstruction of lift shafts;
- during the installation and restoration of various monuments;
- during the construction of water parks, decorative fountains and other water structures;
- when installing billboards and other structures.
Chemical anchors are used in the construction industry for working with wood, hollow bricks and other materials.
Species overview
Chemical anchors are a two-component mixture . Its first component is an adhesive mass, the second is a hardener. Materials are classified according to the operating temperature.
Manufacturers offer summer anchors designed for use at t 5 … 40 ° С, spring-autumn, in which polymerization occurs at t -10 ° … +40 ° С.
On sale there is a winter liquid dowel that can harden at temperatures down to -25 degrees. In addition, chemical anchors are produced in 2 versions: ampoule and cartridge.
Ampoule
Contains an ampoule containing 2 capsules - with glue and hardener. These 2 components must be mixed before using the liquid dowel. When glue and hardener are combined, a homogeneous mass is obtained, which is easy to use.
The main feature of ampoule chemical anchors is production for a specific screw size . To create 1 connection, 1 ampoule is required. Ease of use is explained by the absence of the need to trace the filling of the hole, since the amount of the composition is precisely calculated by the manufacturer to install a stud of a specific size. In this case, filling is carried out without a nozzle.
Ampoule fasteners are recommended for horizontally located bases. When the agent is introduced into vertical structures, the glue mass will rapidly flow downward.
Cartridge
These materials are available in 2 variations - in a tube or in 2 cartridges. In the first case, the glue and hardener in one container are separated by an internal partition. When pressed on the tube, 2 compositions are simultaneously fed into the mixing tip.
It has a specialized nozzle that ensures homogeneous mixing of the adhesive and the hardener.
Chemical cartridge ampoules are of the following types
- Universal . Such compositions are convenient to use, since they do not require an exact calculation of the amount of composition for one fastening.
- Designed for fastening metal hardware to a concrete base . These mixtures have a thick consistency. They include corrosion inhibitors and deoxidizing agents.
The disadvantages of cartridge liquid dowels include the inability to control the completeness of filling the holes, as well as the need to calculate the flow rate by the borehole diameter.
Popular brands
Due to their excellent performance and technical characteristics, chemical anchors of European brands are in special demand. Let's present a rating of popular manufacturers.
Tytan Professional . The company belongs to the Selena holding. Under this brand, universal liquid dowels (EV-I, EV-W) are produced. The compositions are made on the basis of polyester resins. Anchor EV-W is a winter agent for low temperatures, capable of polymerizing at t down to -18 degrees. Both of these materials can be used for the installation of weighted structures, for various repair and restoration activities.
Sormat is a Finnish manufacturer , offering liquid dowels in cylinders with different volumes. Disposable nozzles are provided for applying the mixture. The adhesive mass is made of polyester resin, consisting of 2 components. The products are intended for fastening structures of medium weight in building materials with a hollow and cellular structure.
" Moment ". It is a trademark of the German concern Henkel. The production facilities of the company are located in many countries, including Russia. Synthetic dowels "Moment" are recommended for installation of heavy structures in porous materials. The products of this brand have gained particular popularity due to their fast polymerization and high bond strength. There is no styrene in such adhesives, due to which they can be used for internal work.
Fischer is a German manufacturer offering ampoule chemical anchors (RM and FHP) and cartridge variations (FIS V 360S and FIS V S 150 C). A construction gun is required to use the cartridges.
TOX . Another German brand that produces ampoule and cartridge anchors. The products have gained popularity due to their fast setting, ensuring a reliable connection, and the ability to work with porous materials.
It is worth noting the products of the Hilti brand . Chemical anchors from this manufacturer can be used in areas of seismic activity, as well as under water. They can be used at temperatures ranging from -18 to +40 degrees. The manufacturer offers products for holes 8 … 30 mm in diameter, due to which they can be used for installation in the base of reinforcing rods.
How to choose?
Most of the liquid dowels on the market are universal. However, there are several criteria to consider when choosing a material. The first thing to consider is the type of foundation . This information is indicated in the instructions from the manufacturer on the packaging.
When buying an adhesive mixture, it is important to look at the production date, since the shelf life of products is 1 year. After 12 months, the material loses its properties and technical characteristics.
Chemical anchors should be selected in accordance with temperature regime at which they will be used. If selected incorrectly, the adhesive mass may not harden.
How to use it correctly?
Installing the stud in the glue mass is not difficult, however, in the implementation of this task, several important conditions must be fulfilled. Installation begins by making a hole in the base . For this, a punch with a drill is used (its diameter should be about 2-3 times larger than the size of the metal stud).
The next step is to thoroughly clean the resulting hole from dust and dirt . If you neglect this work, the adhesion of the adhesive and the material will not be so reliable. You can use a vacuum cleaner to remove dust from the hole.
Following actions
- Inserting a sieve sleeve into the hole (its use is mandatory when working with cellular materials and hollow bricks). It must be installed before the introduction of the adhesive mass. The use of a mesh sleeve promotes an even distribution of the composition along the length of the hole and on all its sides.
- To fill the hole properly, a special dispenser should be used . The mass should be used to fill the entire volume of the hole.
- Manual insertion of the stud . If the length of the product is more than 50 cm, it is advisable to use a special jig, which feeds the rod under pressure. When using ampoule liquid dowels, the pin must be clamped into the drill chuck and the fasteners must be inserted when the equipment is operating at medium speed.
After inserting the anchor bolt into the hole, the compound hardens. Basically, the glue dries in half an hour. Check the perpendicularity of the metal rod immediately after installing it in the hole . After a few minutes, due to the polymerization of the composition, it will not be possible to change the position of the pin.
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