2024 Author: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-18 12:09
A loudspeaker is a device designed to amplify a reproduced sound signal. The device very quickly converts an electrical signal into sound waves, which are propagated through the air using a diffuser or diaphragm.
Peculiarities
The technical characteristics of the loudspeakers are detailed in the regulatory documents - GOST 9010-78 and GOST 16122-78 . And also some information is available in the act No. 268-5, which was developed by the "International Electrotechnical Committee".
According to these documents, the most important features of loudspeakers are:
- characteristic power - this is an indicator of the sound pressure level equal to 94 dB at a distance of 1 m (the interval of the frequency range in this case should be from 100 to 8000 Hz);
- noise power is the average sound level that a loudspeaker can produce on a special test bench for 100 hours;
- maximum power - the greatest strength of the outgoing sound that the loudspeaker reproduces for 60 minutes without any damage to the case;
- rated power - sound power at which linear distortions in the information stream are not felt.
Another important feature is that the sensitivity of a loudspeaker is inversely proportional to its characteristic power.
Application
Loudspeakers are widely used in various walks of life. They are used in everyday life, in cultural and sports events of various scales (for loud music or announcements of the start), in transport and in industry. Currently loudspeakers have become widespread in the field of security . So, these devices are used to alert people about fire and other emergencies.
Loudspeakers are often used to convey to people any information of an advertising nature. In this case, they are installed in places of a large concentration of people, for example, in squares, in shopping centers, in parks.
Varieties
There are many types of loudspeakers. These devices differ from each other due to the presence or absence of some parameters.
- By the method of radiation, loudspeakers are of two types: direct and horn . In direct radiation, the loudspeaker delivers the signal directly to the environment. If the loudspeaker is horn, then transmission is carried out directly through the horn.
- By connection method: low-impedance (connected through the output stage of the power amplifier) and transformer (connected to the output of the translating amplifier).
- By frequency range: low-frequency, mid-frequency and high-frequency.
- Depending on the design : overhead, mortise, case and bass reflex.
- By volume transducer type: electret, reel, tape, with a fixed reel.
They can also be: with or without a microphone, weatherproof, waterproof, indoor only, outdoor, handheld and with mounts.
Popular models
There are many noteworthy loudspeakers on the market today. But several models are of the highest quality and most affordable in terms of price.
Horn Loudspeaker PASystem DIN-30 - is an all-weather device designed to broadcast music, advertisements and other advertisements, and can also be used to alert the population in emergency situations. Country of origin China. The cost is about 3 thousand rubles.
Horn loudspeaker small - a very convenient model for a low price (only 1,700 rubles). The product is made of plastic, has a comfortable handle and a belt.
Show ER55S / W - manual megaphone with siren and whistle. The original device weighs just over 1.5 kg. The average cost is 3800 rubles.
Wall loudspeaker Roxton WP-03T - high-quality and at the same time inexpensive model (about 600 rubles).
Dustproof loudspeaker 12GR-41P - made of aluminum for high strength. It can be installed both indoors and outdoors, as it is equipped with a dust protection system. The cost is about 7 thousand rubles.
Although most loudspeakers are manufactured in China, their quality remains at the proper level.
Selection Tips
When choosing a loudspeaker, it is important to take into account not only its appearance and technical characteristics, but also to calculate the sound area. In closed rooms, it is recommended to install ceiling devices as they are able to distribute sound evenly.
In shopping centers, galleries and any other extended premises, it is better to install horns. On the street, low-frequency devices are needed that are protected from moisture and dust.
When designing a public address system, it is imperative to take into account the room-specific noise level. Sound level values for the most common rooms:
- industrial premises - 90 dB;
- shopping center - 60 dB;
- polyclinic - 35 dB.
Experts recommend choosing loudspeakers based on the fact that the level of its noise pressure exceeds the noise level in the room by 3-10 dB.
Installation and use recommendations
As mentioned above, it is recommended to install horn loudspeakers in long corridor-type rooms. Wherein they should be directed in different directions so that the sound spreads evenly throughout the room.
It should be remembered that devices that are too close to each other will create strong interference, which will contribute to improper operation.
You can connect the loudspeaker yourself , since each device is accompanied by an instruction, where all the diagrams are described in detail. If this does not work, then it is better to seek help from a specialist.
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