Laser Cutting Of Plexiglass: Laser Cutting On A Machine With Your Own Hands, The Pros And Cons Of Technology And Useful Tips

2024 Author: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 05:33

Laser technology has replaced circular saws, milling machines or manual work. They simplified the process itself and minimized the possibility of damage to the plexiglass. With the help of a laser, it became possible to cut out models with a complex outline of even the smallest sizes.

Pros and cons

Working with acrylic laser technology has many advantages:

• neat and clear edges;
• lack of deformation;
• laser cutting of plexiglass eliminates the risk of accidental damage, which is important in the manufacture of complex structures that require subsequent assembly;
• the edges of the cut parts do not require further processing, they have polished edges;
• working with a laser allows you to significantly save on material - with this technology, it became possible to arrange parts more compactly, which means less waste;
• with the help of a laser machine, it became possible to cut out details of the most intricate shapes, which is absolutely impossible to achieve with a saw or a milling cutter, this allows you to solve design projects of varying complexity;
• such machines make it possible to work with large volumes;
• laser technology significantly saves time on the project due to the absence of the need for subsequent processing of the sections; when cutting plexiglass by a mechanical method, such processing cannot be avoided;
• the laser is used not only for cutting acrylic, but also for engraving, which makes it possible to expand the range of manufacturer's services;
• the cost of cutting this type is lower than mechanical cutting, especially when it comes to parts of simple shapes;
• the technology is distinguished by high productivity and cost reduction, since the cutting process takes place without human intervention.

The efficiency of cutting plexiglass in this way is beyond doubt and is becoming more and more popular.

The disadvantages include the high internal stress remaining in the acrylic.

How to do it?

Cutting plexiglass at home is done in several ways. Craftsmen use a jigsaw, a hacksaw for metal, a grinder with a three-tooth disc, nichrome thread. Besides, manufacturers offer special knives for cutting plexiglass . Despite the many options available, laser cutting is the most advanced method. Such equipment allows you to create complex and original contours.

The quality and speed of processing depends on the power of the beam, and the sheet feed affects the gloss of the edge.

The feed rate depends on the thickness of the material - the thicker it is, the slower the feed, and vice versa . The quality of the edge is influenced by the correctness of the feed rate. If the speed is too slow, the cut will be dull; if it is too high, the edge will have grooves and a streaky effect. Precise focusing of the laser is of great importance - it must strictly correspond to the center line of the sheet thickness. After processing, organic glass has transparent edges with sharp corners.

The entire process of cutting plexiglass is controlled by a computer program that guides the movement of the laser unit. If desired, you can program the decorative surface finish of organic glass, engraving, giving it a matte finish . A sheet of material is laid on the work surface, if necessary, fixed, although there is no special need for this, since it is not subjected to mechanical stress.

The necessary changes and tasks are introduced into the computer program: the number of elements, their shape and size.

A special advantage is that the program itself determines the optimal arrangement of the parts.

After completing the required algorithm, the laser is activated. Many craftsmen make their own laser machines for work at home.

To assemble a laser machine with your own hands, you need a set of components that allow you to get a high-quality tool:

• laser gun - to convert the beam;
• a carriage whose smooth movement will provide the desired results;
• many make guides from improvised means, but in any case, they must cover the working surface;
• motors, relays, timing belts, bearings;
• software with which it is possible to enter the required data, drawings or patterns;
• an electronic power supply unit responsible for executing commands;
• during operation, the appearance of harmful combustion products is inevitable, whose outflow must be ensured; for this, a ventilation system must be established.

The first step is the preparation and collection of the necessary components, including the necessary drawings at hand. You can make them yourself or use the Internet services, where there is a lot of useful information and ready-made drawings. For home use, the Arduino is often chosen.

The board for the control system can be purchased ready-made or assembled on the basis of microcircuits.

Carriages, like many other assemblies, can be 3D printed . Aluminum profiles are used, as they are light and will not weigh down the structure. When assembling the frame, it is better not to tighten the fasteners tightly, it will be most correct to do this after all the stages of work are completed.

After assembling all the units of the carriage, the smoothness of its movement is checked . Then the corners on the frame are loosened to relieve the stress that has appeared from possible distortions, and tightened again. The smoothness of the movement and the absence of backlash are checked again.

The next stage of work is the electronic part . A well-proven blue laser with a wavelength of 445nM and a power of 2W, complete with a driver. All wire connections are soldered and shrink wrapped. Installation of limit switches ensures comfortable operation.

The body for a laser machine can be made of chipboard, plywood, and so on. If it is not possible to make it yourself, you can order it at a furniture factory.

How to avoid mistakes?

To avoid mistakes when cutting organic glass with laser cutting, it should be remembered that this method is very different from the mechanical one. The laser beam does not cut plastic - where it touches the surface, the molecules of the material simply evaporate.

Given this property, the parts during cutting should not come into contact with each other, otherwise the edges may be damaged.

To create a product of any complexity, a model in vector format is introduced into the program . The necessary parameters for the temperature and beam thickness are set if the machine model does not provide for an independent selection of settings. Automation will distribute the position of the elements on one or several sheets of plexiglass. The permissible thickness is 25 mm.

Working with a laser machine requires utmost precision during programming, otherwise a high percentage of scrap can be obtained at the output.

This will involve warping, melting edges, or rough cuts. In some cases, a polishing mode is used to obtain a mirror cut, which takes twice as long and increases the cost of the product.

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