How To Spray Grapes? Spraying In Autumn And Summer In August And July. Potassium Monophosphate And Copper Sulfate, How To Dilute Them For Processing?

2024 Author: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-18 12:09

Some gardeners neglect the need to process fruit crops to protect them from diseases and pests. It is an important component of grape care, which guarantees a high quality and regular harvest.

Some diseases can destroy an entire plantation in a few weeks. It is important to regularly inspect the vine and carry out processing on time. It is much easier to prevent an illness than to cure it.

The need for a procedure

The main purpose of vineyard cultivation is to prevent pest attacks and disease . Gardeners use both ready-made preparations that can be bought in special stores and folk recipes. Spraying in the spring will help preserve the plantation if some of the bushes have already been infested in the fall. The drugs will prevent infections from spreading further and destroy pathogens. Processing with the use of pesticides will protect the shoots from insects.

To provide the vineyard with an adequate level of protection, spraying should be done several times per season. The combination of preventive measures based on insecticides and the use of foliar fertilizers demonstrates high efficiency.

During the work, the grapes are processed carefully and completely. The sheet plates are covered with the composition on both sides.

What can be processed?

Before you spray the grapes, you need to choose the right drug. It must be efficient enough and safe for the plant and the crop.

All substances used for processing are divided into three main groups:

• chemicals;
• biological compounds;
• folk remedies.

Chemicals

The assortment of industrial products is varied and constantly updated. It is not difficult for experienced gardeners to choose a suitable option, but for novice summer residents it is difficult to understand the huge assortment.

• Bordeaux mixture is widespread . It has established itself as a powerful remedy for most fungal infections. In the first treatment, a solution of 3% is used. The procedure is performed in the spring before bud break. The next spraying is carried out during the phase of active growth of the green mass. The concentration of the mixture is reduced to one percent. This drug will deal with powdery mildew, gray mold and anthracnose. It is impossible to increase the content of the Bordeaux mixture, otherwise it will be detrimental to the grapes.
• The second option is iron vitriol … This substance will not only protect the culture from fungus, but also become an additional food. Processing in early March postpones the day of budding, protecting the plant mass from spring frosts. 500 grams of vitriol is dissolved in 10 liters of water. The vine is sprayed immediately after removing the winter shelter. The substance is used to combat gray mold, powdery mildew and spotted necrosis.
• To get rid of powdery mildew, mildew or mildew, use the drug "Quadris ". It has low toxicity and does not harm beneficial insects. The used concentration is 0.1%. The drug can be combined with various dressings and pesticides. "Quadris" will be especially useful at the initial stage of the disease.
• One of the most effective drugs against fungus is copper sulfate . To prepare a solution, 300 grams of quicklime is diluted in two liters of hot water. The composition is prepared in an enamel or plastic container. Upon contact with water, an active chemical reaction begins, after which another 8 liters of water and 300 grams of copper sulfate in granules are added. The resulting preparation is mixed and filtered. In order to carry out prophylaxis, 100 grams of copper sulfate are dissolved in a bucket of water.
• Urea (urea) rich in nitrogen, an important component for the formation of dense and vibrant vegetation. This growth promoter is often used in early spring. Also, urea copes remarkably well with caterpillars and copperheads. To prepare a composition for treating or treating plants, from 500 to 700 grams of granules are dissolved in 10 liters of water. The work is performed before the start of the sap flow.
• " Ridomil " is chosen for many ailments, including rubella, gray spot, black rot, and other diseases. It contains components that destroy the fungus. They penetrate the shoots and have a protective effect. These properties are retained for two weeks. In rainy weather, the efficiency remains the same. 25 grams of the substance will be enough to prepare a solution in one bucket of water.
• " Strobe " cope with all types of fungal diseases. The main active ingredient is kresoxim-methyl. The substance is sold in the form of granules (packs of 2 or 200 grams). After spraying, the drug remains on the berries and leaves, forming a dense protective film. "Strobi" is not afraid of even intense precipitation, keeping the declared properties. Two grams is enough for 10 liters of water. The first time the grapes are sprayed before flowering, repeating this procedure every decade. About a month before picking berries, processing is stopped. "Strobi" does not interfere with pollination, as it is quite safe for bees.
• Falcon easily copes with pathogenic microorganisms due to the composition rich in active elements. To prepare a solution for prevention, you need to take 10 liters of water and 5 milliliters of fungicide. If the grapes are sick, the amount of chemicals is doubled.

In case of a disease, the treatment is carried out twice. Falcon can be used during flowering and is safe for beneficial insects.

Folk recipes

To protect the vineyard from infections and garden pests, the following remedies are used:

• parsley is planted next to the bushes , which will protect grapes from phylloxera due to its bright smell, grapes are often surrounded by plants that repel ticks and other pests;
• a solution based on soap or ash is used for aphids , dissolve 300 grams of ash or the same amount of soap in a bucket;
• wormwood decoction will scare off the leaf roll, the grass is boiled, and the resulting solution is cooled and filtered, they are sprayed with green mass;
• for the fight and prevention of oidium, the following composition is used: warm water (bucket), soda ash (40 grams), a spoonful of liquid soap, the affected areas of the bushes are treated with a ready-made solution.

Biological compounds

A distinctive feature of biological gardening agents is microorganisms . They are considered natural enemies of fungus and dangerous insects . Such compositions can be safely used in any of the growing seasons. They will not negatively affect the berries. To combat late blight, treatment is carried out " Fitosporin " … It will also be helpful against other common fungal infections. This preparation contains the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, which was obtained artificially. Once on the surface of the vine or soil, it begins to multiply rapidly, and its waste products suppress harmful organisms.

The drug will help grapes to cope with parasites on their own . Regular use of the composition strengthens the plant's immune system. The drug is produced in several forms: powder, suspension or paste. The concentration of this substance depends on the release format. For the prevention of diseases, the vine is treated every 14 days. The next common drug is Trichodermin. It will be effective in protecting against root rot, powdery rose and other ailments. The basis of the substance is the Tricoderma mushroom. Like the above component, when it gets on the vine, it multiplies rapidly, displacing harmful bacteria. Dissolve 50 milliliters of concentrate in a bucket of water.

At the time of the blooming of the leaves, the grapes are prophylactically treated with this preparation. Then the procedure is repeated every 2-3 weeks. It is completely safe for insects, animals and people. Aktofit will cope with dangerous insects , for the preparation of which the mushroom Streptomyces avermitilis was used, or rather its waste products. "Aktofit" affects the nervous system of pests, as a result of which the respiratory organs and the digestive system fail.

This substance quickly disintegrates without remaining in the air for a long time . It is sold in different volumes, from 10 to 900 milliliters. There is no need to worry about the health of birds, animals and people, since the drug is not toxic. 20 milliliters of the substance will be enough to prepare a solution in three liters of water. After mixing, another 7 liters of clean water are poured into the container. To increase the effectiveness, half a teaspoon of shampoo for children is added to the resulting solution. Use "Aktofit" several times per season as needed.

For processing plants, you need a suitable temperature regime - from 18 with a plus sign. In more important weather (at temperatures from 30 degrees and above), the consumption of the substance decreases. Colloidal sulfur has been used for many years to get rid of spider mites. From oidium, it will also be useful. To treat an area of 100 square meters, 120 grams of the drug is dissolved in 100 grams of water. The components are mixed until a homogeneous liquid is obtained. Then add another liter of water.

The finished solution is dissolved in 14 liters of water. To protect fruit plants, it is enough to carry out the treatment 4-5 times throughout the season. These are the main drugs used by modern gardeners. You can also find recipes with boric acid, onion peels, and other options.

Most chemical and biological preparations can be combined with fertilizers, for example, combine any of the above components and potassium monophosphate.

Spraying technology

• In the spring … Even before bud break, the first treatment is performed. By this time, the air warms up to about 5 degrees Celsius. First you need to prepare a solution, dilute the copper sulfate in water to obtain a three percent composition. For the first time, not only the trunk and the vine, but also the ground around the plant are covered with the drug. Vitriol will destroy dangerous microbes in the upper layers of the soil. After about 2 weeks, when 5-6 full-fledged leaves are formed on the vine, the grapes are sprayed with nitrafen. The last spring treatment is carried out before flowering. Several drugs are used, each of which is aimed at combating a specific disease or pest. Means of the acaricidal group will help get rid of ticks. Formulations with a high sulfur and copper content will protect against powdery mildew. As an effective prophylaxis against fungus, the vine is covered with a solution of serum with iodine or baking soda.
• Summer … With the onset of summer, the fruit crop also needs treatment from the fungus. Gardeners choose preparations, the main component of which is sulfur or manganese potassium. Activities are carried out during the ripening of the berries. Processing is carried out in July or August, depending on the ripening period. The procedure is repeated every decade.
• In autumn … In the fall, vines are pruned and treated against fungus and rodents. Before covering the vine for the winter, the branches are treated with a solution of copper sulfate. The procedure should be performed in the evening. It is advisable to pick a cloudy and dry day. If necessary, the grapes can be processed in September, especially if symptoms of infection are noticeable on the shrub. Due to the high humidity in the morning, this procedure is undesirable due to the decreasing efficiency. Treatment during the day, during active sun hours, will cause foliage burns.