2024 Author: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-18 12:09
Plywood is in great demand in construction. Such sheets made from birch have their own advantages. In this article, we will take a closer look at the main characteristics of birch plywood.
Characteristics
Birch is the most demanded material in the production of plywood, since, unlike other options, it has the following advantages:
- excellent level of strength;
- moisture-repellent effect;
- simplicity of the processing process;
- special decorative quality of the texture.
The main criterion when choosing birch plywood is its density, which is 700-750 kg / m3, which exceeds the performance of coniferous counterparts. Due to their high density, birch veneer sheets are the best option for many design decisions.
An important indicator in planning is the specific gravity of the plywood sheet, since when used in a structure, it will be necessary to calculate the expected load on the future structure base. The weight of one sheet, as well as its density, depends on the source material used in the base (the birch version will be heavier than the coniferous one). The type of glue used does not affect the density of the plywood.
An important indicator is the thickness of the plywood sheet . In the case of using the material for interior work (for wall decoration), panels 2-10 mm thick are used.
Birch plywood can be used in any climatic conditions, since low or high temperatures do not affect the properties of the starting material.
Technical standards
According to GOST, birch plywood is divided into five grades. The higher the grade, the less knots on the product. Consider the difference between varieties.
Grade 1
Permissible flaws for this variety:
- pin knots, there should be no more than three pieces per 1 sq. m;
- healthy knots connected, not exceeding 15 mm in diameter and in an amount of not more than 5 pieces per 1 sq. m;
- dropping knots with a hole, not exceeding 6 mm in diameter and not more than 3 pieces per 1 sq. m;
- closed cracks, not exceeding 20 mm in length and not more than 2 pieces per 1 sq. m;
- damage to the edges of the sheet (no more than 2 mm in width).
Grade 2
Compared with the first type, this variety allows the presence of defects in an amount of no more than 6, these include:
- healthy discoloration exceeding 5% of the plywood sheet surface;
- overlap of the material on the outer layers (no more than 100 mm in length);
- seepage of the adhesive base (no more than 2% of the total sheet area);
- notches, marks, scratches.
Grade 3
Unlike the previous type, the following flaws are permissible (there should be no more than 9 of them):
- double wood inserts;
- tearing out of the constituent particles (no more than 15% of the plywood sheet surface);
- glue mass flowing out (no more than 5% of the total area of the plywood sheet);
- holes from falling out knots, not exceeding 6 mm in diameter and in an amount of not more than 10 pieces per 1 sq. m;
- spreading cracks up to 200 mm in length and no more than 2 mm in width.
Grade 4
In addition to the defects of the previous grade, the following shortcomings are permissible here without taking into account the quantity:
- wormholes, accrete, falling out knots;
- connected and spreading cracks;
- leakage of adhesive, gouges, scratches;
- pulling out fibrous particles, grinding;
- waviness, hairiness, ripples.
In addition to the above, there is the highest grade E, which is elite. Any, even insignificant deviations are unacceptable on products with this marking.
Plywood is produced only from healthy plants . At the same time, from May to September, the source material must be processed with special moisture-protective agents. The material used must be of a high quality level.
What happens?
Birch plywood has a high degree of strength and a multi-layer structure, the sheets are connected to each other using special adhesives. There are certain types of plywood.
- FC - to connect veneer sheets to each other in this version, urea resin is used. This product has a low moisture resistant effect and is recommended for indoor use.
- FKM - this type is made using environmentally friendly melamine resins, has increased water-repellent characteristics. Due to its ecological qualities, such material is used in the manufacture of furniture and in the interior decoration of premises.
- FSF - is a moisture resistant material. Gluing of veneer sheets in this embodiment is carried out using phenolic resin. Such a product is used for outdoor finishing work.
- Laminated - in the composition of this type there is a sheet of FSF, covered on both sides with a special film material. This plywood can be used repeatedly. It is usually used in the construction of formwork.
- Bakelized - the gluing base of veneer sheets in this variant is bakelite resin. Such a product is used in aggressive conditions and during monolithic works.
Depending on the type of surface machining, plywood sheet can be of three types: unpolished, sanded on one or both sides.
Birch plywood sheets come in several standard sizes that are in the highest demand:
- 1525x1525 mm;
- 2440x1220 mm;
- 2500x1250 mm;
- 1500x3000 mm;
- 3050x1525 mm.
Depending on the size, plywood has a different thickness, which ranges from 3 mm to 40 mm.
Areas of use
Due to its high strength, birch plywood is widely used in many industries.
Building
Even taking into account the high cost, the material is popular when carrying out such construction and finishing works as:
- construction of monolithic structures;
- installation of plywood as a substrate for laminate flooring;
- wall decoration in individual construction.
Mechanical engineering
Due to its lightness and strength, birch plywood is used in the following works:
- manufacture of side walls and floors in passenger and cargo vehicles;
- finishing of the body of freight transport;
- use of a moisture-repellent FSF sheet in rooms with high humidity.
Aircraft construction
Aviation plywood is used by engineers in the design of aircraft.
The most suitable option in this case is birch material, since it is made of high quality veneer by gluing individual sheets using phenolic glue.
Furniture industry
Birch plywood is widely used in this industry. Taking into account the type of material, furniture for the kitchen, for bathrooms, garden and summer cottage products, various cabinets, tables and much more are produced from it.
Having got acquainted in more detail with the main characteristics of birch plywood, it will be easier for the consumer to make his choice.
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