Basalt Fiber: What Is It? Manufacturers Of Fiberglass, Continuous, Super Thin And Other Types Of Heat Resistant Material, Technical Characteristics

2024 Author: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-18 12:09

When building various structures, you should take care of thermal insulation, sound insulation and fire protection system in advance. Currently, a popular option for creating such materials is a special basalt fiber. And also it can be used for the installation of various hydraulic structures, filter structures, reinforcing elements. Today we will talk about the features of such a fiber, its composition and what varieties it can be.

What it is?

Basalt fiber is a heat resistant artificial inorganic material. It is obtained from natural minerals - they are melted and then converted into fiber. Such basalt materials are usually made with various additives. Information about it, about the basic requirements for its quality, can be found in GOST 4640-93.

Production technology

This fiber is obtained by melting basalt (igneous rock) in special smelting furnaces. During processing, the base will flow freely through a suitable device, which is made from heat-resistant metal or from platinum.

Smelting furnaces for basalt can be gas, electric, with oil burners. After melting, the fibers themselves are homogenized and formed.

Varieties and specifications

Basalt fiber comes in two main varieties

Staple . For this type, the main parameter is the diameter of the individual fibers. So, there are the following types of fibers: micro-thin have a diameter of 0.6 microns, ultra-thin - from 0.6 to 1 micron, super-thin - from 1 to 3 microns, thin - from 9 to 15 microns, thickened - from 15 to 25 microns (they are formed due to vertical blowing of the alloy, and the centrifugal method is often used for their production), thick - from 25 to 150 microns, coarse - from 150 to 500 microns (they are distinguished by special corrosion resistance).

Continuous . This type of basalt material is continuous strands of fibers that can be either twisted into a thread or wound into a roving, and sometimes they are also cut into chopped fiber. Non-woven and woven textile bases can be produced from such material; it can also act as fiber. Moreover, in comparison with the previous version, this type cannot boast of a high level of mechanical strength; various additional elements are used to increase it in the manufacturing process.

Fibers have a number of important properties. They are distinguished by a high level of resistance to various chemical influences, high temperature conditions, as well as open flames . In addition, such bases perfectly tolerate the effects of high humidity. The materials are fire resistant and non-flammable. They can easily withstand standard fires. The material is considered a dielectric, it is transparent to electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, and radio beams.

These fibers have a fairly high density . They also boast excellent thermal and electrical insulation properties. These materials are environmentally friendly, they do not contain harmful substances that can harm a person and his health. Basalt bases are particularly durable, they can serve for a long time without losing their basic properties.

These fibers are relatively inexpensive . They will cost much less than standard fiberglass. Treated basalt wool is characterized by a rather low thermal conductivity, a low level of moisture absorption, and excellent vapor transmission. In addition, such a base is considered to be highly durable, it has insignificant biological and chemical activity. When choosing, it is also worth considering some technical characteristics. Their weight will directly depend on the fiber diameter.

An important value is the specific gravity of the processed product. About 1 m3 will account for 0.6-10 kilograms of material.

Popular manufacturers

Currently, you can find a large number of basalt fiber manufacturers on the market. A number of the most popular brands can be distinguished among them.

• " Stone Age ". This manufacturing company produces a product using the innovative patented Basfiber technology, which is close to the technology for manufacturing fiberglass. In the process of creation, powerful and large furnace installations are used. Carefully selected raw materials for production ensure high mechanical strength. Moreover, the products of this company belong to the budget group.
• " Ivotsteklo ". This specialized plant produces a variety of products from basalt fibers, including the material pressed on the basis of superfine fibers and heat-insulating cord, heat-insulating mats. They have excellent thermal insulation properties, strength, resistance to various aggressive influences.
• TechnoNIKOL . The fibers provide excellent sound absorption. They are made using special technologies, thanks to which, after installation, shrinkage will not occur. These designs are ultra-lightweight and fairly easy to work with.
• Knauf . The manufacturer's products boast a fairly high degree of resistance to evaporation. It is produced in the form of rolls, panels, cylinders. Heaters made of such fiber are made with a thin galvanized mesh. The constituent materials are interconnected using a special synthetic resin. All rolls are connected with aluminum foil.
• URSA . This brand produces basalt fiber in the form of ultra-lightweight and elastic plates. They have improved thermal insulation characteristics. Some models are available without formaldehyde, these varieties are considered the safest and most environmentally friendly.

Where is it used?

Basalt fiber is widely used today. Often this micro-thin material is used for the manufacture of filter elements for a gas-air or liquid medium. And also it can be perfect for creating special thin paper. Ultra-thin fiber is a good option in the production of ultra-lightweight structures to create sound-absorbing and thermal insulation effects . The super-thin product can be used for stitched heat and sound insulation layers, to create furniture.

Sometimes such a fiber is used in the process of creating lamellar heat-insulating mats from super-thin MBV-3 , pipes, building panels and slabs, insulation for concrete (special fiber is used). Basalt mineral wool can be suitable for the formation of facades, which have special requirements regarding fire resistance.

Basalt materials will also be a good option for the construction of strong and durable partitions between rooms or floors, bases for floor coverings.