Kumanika (13 Photos): Description Of The Berries Of The "Nessian Blackberry". What Type Of It Is It And How Is The Dewberry Different From The Blackberry? Plant Pruning,

2024 Author: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 05:33

Many people do not know what kumanika is, where it grows. What type is it, and how is the dewberry different from the blackberry? The description of the berries of "nessa blackberry" will be useful to curious and caring people. And for those who decide to breed this crop, information about the pruning of the plant and the taste of its fruits will probably come in handy.

general description

Kumanik can hardly be called a widely known or massively cultivated plant. However, its features are quite enjoyable for farmers and breeders. From a botanical point of view, it is a kind of common blackberry - along with dew grass. The name has a number of synonyms. Among them:

• "Nessian blackberry";
• chill;
• ironing;
• moss currant;
• kumanik;
• moklaki;
• turquoise;
• sarabalin.

The height of the deciduous forest shrub reaches 1-2 m. It is characterized by the formation of root shoots . Shoots are of the upright type. You can see the drooping shoot only at the very top. A small number of black-purple thorns are noted, growing almost straight. To know what this plant looks like, you need to take into account its other features:

• complex type of leaf structure;
• the fineness of individual leaves;
• slightly lighter color of the underside of the leaf plate;
• section of flowers is approximately 20 mm;
• green sepals;
• the formation of white petals;
• grouping of flowers of 5-12 pieces in inflorescences developing at the edges of fertile shoots.

The section of the berry is about 10 mm . Its reddish-black surface is shiny. Small bones are usually triangular in shape. Kumanika is a berry that is quite edible for humans. Botanically close to it, the mildew is distinguished by the formation of creeping shoots and the absence of offspring.

Differences are also expressed in the fact that the dewberry gives more fruits, but is less resistant to winter.

Distribution and habitat

Kumanik is common not only in Russia, but also in a number of Central European countries, as well as on the Scandinavian Peninsula . Its presence has been discovered even in the British Isles. This berry grows in almost all territories west of the Urals. However, it bypasses the polar regions, which are frankly unsuitable for the climate. It can be mainly found in dry light forests formed by pine (in pure form or mixed with deciduous trees).

Kumanika prefers slightly damp sandy areas … It can be found in river floodplains and along bog bogs. But this species does not enter the wetlands themselves. Large thickets are not typical for kumanik, most often its accumulations are insignificant. It is impossible to meet such bushes in the real taiga, but sometimes it is found where the forest borders on roads or even large trails.

Review of the best varieties

Darrow

Due to the decent taste, a rather active cultivation of cultural kumanik began . And both the breeders themselves and gardeners highly value the Darrow variety. For him, the formation of erect bushes with stretching of shoots up to 2 m is typical. Harvesting time comes in 2 or 3 seasons. Such kumanik has a decent yield.

She is able to withstand severe cold .… However, this requires a solid snow or artificially formed shell. Uncovered bushes in a winter with little snow can easily freeze over. In favor of "Darrow" is evidenced by a very graceful flowering. Root suckers are recommended for reproduction.

Planting is most promising in areas rich in loose humus.

Apache

This variety of kumanik is bred in the state of Arkansas (USA) . Domestic farmers have still poorly studied it. The plant is known to produce well-growing upright bushes. Each of them is capable of producing up to 5-9 kg of berries. It has been established that the Apache has no thorns. But its popularity is growing so far slowly, because not everything has been established in practice about this plant.

Such kumanik will bear fruit from mid-July to the beginning of the last August decade … It can be propagated by root suckers and by the tops of the shoots. The height of the bush is usually up to 2.5 m. However, single specimens can grow up to 3 m. There are statements about the immunity of the variety to leaf rust and other infectious pathologies - but there is still not enough accurate information on this.

Loughton

This type of kumanik needs extra careful handling . It will keep up longer than other options. However, the high quality of the berries and their abundance compensate for this disadvantage. The height of the bushes varies from 2 to 2.5 m. The mass of a single berry is 4 g.

Transporting the harvested crop is easy. Large thick thorns develop on the shoots. The collection can be 8 or even 10 kg per 1 bush. It will be possible to remove the fruits until the end of August. Frost resistance is low, freezing is possible even at temperatures of about -20 degrees.

Guy

This is one of the most promising varieties of kumanik … It began to be grown in large quantities only in 2006. Straight shoots can grow up to 3 m. It is absolutely impossible to do without cutting the "Guy" lashes. Despite the small size of the berries, they are attractive due to the combination of blue-black color and an extraordinary slightly sour taste.

Gaya fruits are rich in vitamins and minerals. The berries are moderately hard and suitable for short to medium haul transportation. You can improve the richness of taste by planting a crop in sunny places. Officially declared the possibility of collecting from 1 bush to 17 kg of fruits. True, this will require some effort.

Can you grow and how to do it?

Growing kumanik is quite possible - and it is even more attractive than the classic blackberry . This plant is distinguished by an expanded composition of fruits, therefore it is more useful for the human body. It must be borne in mind that kumanika loves moisture. It is very important for her to moisten the soil, to keep water in it with the help of natural mulch or agrofibre. Shading is recommended on the south and west side. However, cultivation in full shade is contraindicated.

The stems of this plant are erect, but a garter is still needed. The berries should not stick to the ground. Watering and feeding should be active, because the root system absorbs both water and nutrients abundantly. In the spring months, watering with an aqueous solution of urea and a complex of trace elements is necessary. Then, every 14 days, solutions of wood ash and chicken manure are used.

Top dressing should continue until the end of flowering … As soon as the berries begin to form, they are limited to watering without adding nutrients. Having finished harvesting, it is worth immediately cutting out the shoots that have ceased to bear fruit. This will allow the plant to redirect its forces to the development of replacement shoots next year. Autumn feeding of kumanik is required.

At the very beginning of the growing season, you need to pinch the tops of the bushes. This will activate the growth of side shoots. Pruning is usually done in the fall. However, if necessary, farmers can do it both in summer and even in spring. With the end of the season, it is necessary to get rid of all branches affected by various diseases. Shoots are normalized at the end of May or at the very beginning of June.

It should be borne in mind that kumanik suffers greatly from droughts. With a lack of water, it can even die quickly.

It is necessary to maintain a distance of about 1 m between individual bushes. The recommended row spacing is 1.5-2 m. Planting pits should have a depth of about 0.5 m, the width is exactly the same. After rooting, seedlings should be mulched:

• humus;
• manure;
• compost.

Reproduction by apical layers is the best option. They can be obtained by bending an annual shoot to the ground and filling it with soil in a fixed state. You can expect the appearance of roots in 42-56 days . Transplanting such seedlings to a permanent place is carried out in the spring of next year.

Sometimes, due to the small size of the site, rooting on the shoot itself is difficult. Then you need to root kumanik in pots. Horizontal rooting by layering is also a good option. Shoots are placed in dug trenches and covered with soil so that only the tops protrude outward. Layers need to be watered throughout the summer, by next fall they will give roots and will be ready for planting.