Washing Machines: Types And Their Characteristics. The First Cars. Service Life And Principle Of Operation, "smart" Models, With A Large Load And Others

2024 Author: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-18 12:09

Every modern person really needs to know everything about washing machines, it is extremely important to understand the main types and their characteristics. It is useful to study and information about the first machines, and data on the service life and principle of operation, on "smart" models, on versions with a large load and other modifications. Separate topical topics - the choice of a specific device by brand and practical characteristics.

History of appearance

Linen and other textiles have been used for thousands of years. However, the first washing machines appeared much, much later. Not only in the days of the pharaohs or the Roman emperors were they dispensed with; Crusades and great geographical discoveries were carried out, the Napoleonic wars were thundering, even steamers were already smoking - and the washing business practically did not change. Only in the twentieth century did engineers condescend to create the first mechanical devices that vaguely resemble modern "washing machines".

There is no unity regarding the name of the inventor of such a technique: some sources call William Blackstone, while others call Nathaniel Briggs or James King.

The early mechanical models have been around for decades since the electrification of the world was just beginning. The mass production of washing machines, albeit a mechanical type, destroyed public laundries almost completely - they remained only for official needs. The oldest automatic clipper was developed in the United States in the 1940s. Within 10 years, all manufacturers mastered the production of such devices, although semiautomatic devices and even manual versions remained in demand for a long time.

But not everything turned out to be as simple and easy as it is sometimes imagined. In the first half of the twentieth century, the developers of washing machines set themselves only the goal of achieving their basic functions. No one took into account any safety standards when designing, and even left many working parts open. Only later did they begin to take care of convenience, ergonomics and noise reduction.

In the 1970s, devices began to be equipped with the simplest microprocessors, and in the 21st century they are already becoming a full-fledged part of smart home complexes.

Appointment

Everyone knows that a washing machine is used to clean linen and clothes, other textiles, to make fabrics look decent. But at the present stage, any unit at all common for this purpose:

• collects and drains water;
• squeezes out the fabric using a centrifuge;
• rinses;
• dries;
• performs light ironing;
• allows you to select different programs and modes of the wash itself.

Types and their characteristics

Manual

This simple technique, oddly enough at first glance, is in demand quite widely . When using it, you do not need to consume electricity. However, the main motive is still not economy, but the ability to wash where there is no power supply or is extremely unstable. Sometimes you can take a manual mechanical "washing machine" on a hike or a trip to uninhabited places.

The obvious disadvantages will be only low productivity and laboriousness of the procedure, but this is, rather, a matter of priorities.

Semiautomatic

This type of technology also has every right to exist, having proven it over the past decades . Semi-automatic machines are used in dachas and in country houses, where there is no stable year-round water supply, where the water freezes. The internal volume, depending on the model, is 2-12 kg. For many people, the function of additional loading of linen right in the process of work will be attractive; this is important not only for the forgetful, but also for those who are constantly busy. Only the most advanced automatic machines, which are many times more expensive, have a similar option - and the electric drive of the semiautomatic machine is quite economical.

Automatic machines

Such models, like semiautomatic devices, work with spinning the laundry in a centrifuge . Therefore, there will be no need to squeeze it out with your own hands for a long time and exhaustingly. It is this technique that is most often bought in city apartments, and often in comfortable private houses. Direct user intervention in the washing process is very limited.

They only need to prepare a powder or liquid detergent, lay the laundry itself and press the buttons in the specified sequence.

The “smart” model is able to independently calculate the amount of water and the required proportion of rinsed powder . It alerts you to problems, allowing you to quickly fix custom errors and simplify repairs. Advanced versions are equipped with a touch control system. However, the more complex the automation, the more it suffers from various influences, including power outages. Besides, " Automatic machines" are very productive … which results in large dimensions, weight and significant consumption of water and electricity.

Activator

Such modifications are already released very rarely, and they are not used very actively. The device needs a minimum of time and useful resources. Since there are no complex electronics inside, breakdowns are much less common than in modern samples. Such washing equipment works much more stable and has a noticeably longer average service life.

If the machine washes 7–8 kg of laundry, then in activator machines this indicator is increased to 14 kg; however, fabrics wear out faster and labor costs are high.

Ultrasonic

Manufacturers are actively pointing out the low price of this type of household washing machines, their compactness and convenience . However, it is not often possible to meet such units in reality. The device only needs to be placed in basins or baths, and they will immediately start working when connected to an outlet. There are many more disadvantages than advantages:

• the need for a large amount of washing powder;
• low productivity;
• normal work only in water not colder than 50 degrees;
• knowingly lack of spinning and rinsing;
• mandatory human participation (stirring things in the process, otherwise they can only be partially cleaned).

Bubble

This principle of operation has begun to be used recently . Exposure to air bubbles allows you to wash clothes efficiently and without high water heating (as in classic models). Therefore, washing is done in a more gentle way and does not so negatively affect the quality of the laundry. This function is comparable in its technical parameters with dry cleaning and is its full replacement. It is also worth noting the excellent disinfecting effect, which is becoming more and more relevant in our world, oversaturated with infections.

Almost all modern washing machines are created with a working drum . It should be made exclusively from stainless alloys. As practice has shown, enameled surfaces, regardless of the thoroughness of manufacture, wear out quickly and become unusable.

The geometric design of the drum assembly also plays an important role . Models with curved tabs are preferable to straight ones: they wash better on average. The "honeycomb" surface is also considered a positive point.

Body shape - is also quite relevant. Many older models are round. However, almost all modern designs are made rectangular or square, which is quite practical. Such versions are in the assortment of any major manufacturer.

For some rooms, it is more correct to use the corner technique.

Top brands and models

It is very useful to be guided by the descriptions of specific models of washing equipment in instructions and passports, but first, you should outline the circle of the most suitable versions, so as not to get acquainted with everything in a row . In the budget category, the equipment occupies a deservedly very decent position. Indesit … Its range includes many quite decent vertical models. If the ratio of cost and quality is the most important, then it is worth giving preference to devices Beko ; you just need to understand that they can often break.

Choosing a stylish and unusual washing machine, whose appearance will suit both the old and the new generation, you can safely focus on the model range Samsung … In addition to design excellence, it also has an amazing technical level. Despite their limited size, South Korean machines can hold quite a lot of laundry. A variety of options will delight experienced owners who are accustomed to doing washing experiments.

However, you need to pay attention to the complaints - they primarily relate to software problems.

If you have a fairly solid budget, you can choose premium cars. They are not only distinguished by an abundance of modern regimes and programs, but are also better protected from water leaks. Products are a good example of this. Vestfrost … Another German concern - AEG - also supplies brilliant laundry technology. Its products are capable of delivering steam during washing and have other attractive options.

The machine is very popular WLL 2426 … The device has a classic design. The laundry is loaded through the front window. The designers have provided 17 programs. Washable up to 7 kg of laundry including down pillows; work is going pretty quietly.

A washing machine is relatively inexpensive Candy Aqua 2D1040 . True, you can put no more than 4 kg of clothes there, but there are 15 work programs. There is no child lock function. The spin rate is up to 1000 rpm.

The sound volume is low, but there are weak vibrations.

DEXP WM-F610DSH / WW is also a good choice. The drum has a larger capacity than the previous version - 6 kg. Delaying the start of the device is provided. Thanks to the 15 minute program, you can freshen things up that are not too dirty. Of the minuses, a loud drain draws attention.

Nice alternative - Haier HW80-BP14979 … The load of laundry goes through a front hatch with a section of 0, 32 m. Among the 14 work programs there is a mode of enhanced rinsing. Inside lay up to 8 kg of linen. The spin rate is up to 1400 rpm.

Among the units with drying, it stands out favorably Bosch WDU 28590 . The capacity of the tank is 6 kg; additional laundry cannot be loaded. Protection from children is provided. The system monitors foaming.

Vibrations are excluded, some programs require very long work.

Car Hisense WFKV7012 washes 7 kg of laundry in 1 step. The washing cycle absorbs 39 liters of water. You can postpone washing for 24 hours. There is reliable protection against power surges and water leaks. The balance is automatically maintained.

LG AIDD F2T9HS9W also attracts attention. Its main nuances:

• narrow body;
• the ability to wash in a hypoallergenic mode;
• good touch panel;
• inverter motor, providing processing of up to 7 kg of linen in 1 step;
• ceramic heating circuit;
• Wi-Fi block;
• the ability to control from a smartphone.

Whirlpool FSCR 90420 can also be considered a good choice. The spin rate of this machine reaches 1400 turns per minute. Thanks to the well-thought-out body and excellent inverter motor, you can wash up to 9 kg of laundry in 1 step. With a standard cycle, the approximate current consumption is 0.86 kW.

Loading is carried out through a hatch with a width of 0.34 m, the possibility of additional loading during operation is provided, there is a designation of the remaining time.

It is appropriate to end the review at Gorenje WS168LNST . Spinning at a speed of up to 1600 rpm, this washing machine does an excellent job even for large families. Many will like the presence of steam treatment. After spinning, the moisture content of the fabric does not exceed 44%. An average of 60 liters of water is consumed per session.

Other parameters:

• the possibility of accelerated washing;
• energy consumption - 2, 3 kW;
• sound alarm;
• internal lighting;
• overflow protection system;
• a tank made of modern carbidek material;
• additional anti-odor regimen;
• digital information screen.

Criterias of choice

First of all, you need to decide whether you need a machine installed separately or mounted in furniture, in a niche. The second option is the most preferable for the kitchen. But it must be borne in mind that in our country, it is not very popular, and therefore the assortment is slightly poorer than we would like . The main part of the washing units reaches 0.81-0.85 m in height, but if you need to put them under the sink, then it is limited to 0.65-0.7 m.

Both with a horizontal and vertical arrangement of the loading door, you need to pay attention to whether it will be convenient to close it and also lay the laundry.

For pensioners, the vertical placement of the door is even preferable - it allows you not to bend over again . However, when installed under the countertop in the kitchen, this advantage has to be abandoned. If we talk about older people again, then for them the simpler the technique, the better. It doesn't make much sense to choose models with more than 10-15 modes. And for the rest of the consumers, with limited funds, saving on functions is quite reasonable.

As stated earlier, the most economical washing machine is the one that runs without electricity . All such versions are vertical. They break only occasionally, although they have to apply a lot of force when washing. However, if a breakdown does happen, then a very difficult quest to find an experienced craftsman begins.

For traveling in a mobile home, however, this circumstance is not too important.

Many people are looking to purchase a portable typewriter to save valuable space in their home. However, one must understand that with an insignificant depth of the case, one cannot count on a large load . For a family of 1-2 people, a device with a depth of 0.3-0.4 m is quite enough, in which 3-5 kg of laundry are washed in one run. If the depth is increased to 0.5 m, then 6-7 kg are washed per session. Attention: trusting advertising promises about the suitability of machines for hard water is definitely not worth it, and if you cannot avoid using it, then you need to use special methods of softening and fighting scale.

An inverter (without brushes) electric motor is a clear plus . Such a drive wears out relatively little. In addition, the designers have implemented more precise control over it. Finally, spinning at a high speed is also useful. However, if the device breaks down, it will not be cheap to fix it. Other important recommendations:

• spin class more important than the washing class (it is unlikely that non-specialists will be able to assess the difference between them);
• for home use spinning faster than 1000 rpm is hardly justified;
• worth paying attention to current and water consumption (despite the similarity of characteristics, in different models they may differ 2-3 times);
• drying option useful, but you need to make sure that there are programs for drying the most commonly used fabrics;
• if there are no special wishes for the volume of work, you can limit yourself typical 55 dB - there are most of these machines;
• worth evaluating front panel appearance and ease of control;
• display with the designation of error codes is more convenient than indication by bulbs;
• need to pay attention to reviews end consumers;
• Fuzzy Logic , or otherwise - the intellectually controlled washing mode is quite practical, and there is no need to be afraid of it.